Study on the Impact of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer

Abstract： This paper systematically expounded the regulatory effects of biological organic fertilizer on peanut root development， physiological metabolism， yield and quality under the background of fertilizer reduction， revealed the synergistic mechanism of microbial-soil-crop system， and proposed the optimization strategy based on growth stage and soil type， providing theoretical support for green and high-yield cultivation of peanut.

Key words： fertilizer reduction; bioorganic fertilizer; peanut physiology; rhizosphere microecology

Foreword ：

The prolonged use of single chemical fertilizers has caused soil degradation and ecological pressures， hindering the sustainable development of the peanut industry[1].

1. The mechanism of action of biological organic fertilizer

Antimicrobial proteins secreted by functional microorganisms inhibit Fusarium cell wall synthesis， reducing the probability of peanut root rot infection[2]. Bacillus produces siderophores that chelate soil iron ions， blocking pathogenic microbial metabolic pathways[3].

2. Effects of reducing fertilizer application and applying bioorganic fertilizer on peanut growth

（1） Influence on peanut growth and development

The bioactive compounds in organic fertilizers stimulate accelerated cell division in the tip cells of peanut main roots， significantly enhancing their longitudinal elongation rate. Mature plants exhibit marked increases in total root weight and lateral root numbers.

（2） Effects on peanut physiology and metabolism

Metabolically active signaling molecules from rhizosphere microbial communities activate nitrate reductase gene expression in leaf cells， facilitating efficient conversion of nitrate nitrogen to amino acids[4]. Probioticsecreted ACC deaminase breaks down ethylene precursors synthesized by root systems， mitigating oxidative damage to chloroplast thylakoid membranes caused by drought stress.

3. Optimization strategies of reducing fertilizer application and applying bio-organic fertilizer

（1） Rational proportion and application

Sandy soils have limited nutrient retention capacity. Farmers adopt a separate basal and top-dressing fertilization method， applying the majority of bio-organic fertilizer as basal fertilizer deep into the soil[5]. In heavy clay soils prone to salt accumulation， agricultural technicians implement a seedfertilizer separation technique with deep placement， maintaining a specific vertical distance between fertilizer application and peanut seeds.

（2） Soil-crop system adaptation regulation

Long-term continuous peanut cultivation carries risks of nematode infestations. Farmers utilize organic fertilizers containing Paecilomyces lilacinus， which controls nematodes by penetrating their eggshells[6]. In saline soils with high osmotic pressure， salt-tolerant microorganisms secrete exopolysaccharides that form protective buffer zones around roots.

Sum up ：

The integrated approach of reducing chemical fertilizer use while applying bio-organic fertilizers enhances peanut yield and quality through microbial-nutrient-crop system optimization.

Reference documentation：

[1]Najafalizadeh S ，Sanavy M M A S ，Rad M M ， et al.Response of Yield， Antioxidant Enzymes Activities， and Fatty Acids in Peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.） to Bio-fertilizers and Amino Acids in Different Irrigation Regimes[J].Journal of Crop Health，2024，76（4）：929-939.

[2]Santis D A M ，Campaniello D ，Tozzi D ， et al.Agronomic Response to Irrigation and Biofertilizer of Peanut （ Arachis hypogeaL.） Grown under Mediterranean Environment[J]. Agronomy，2023，13（6）：

[3]Min W ，Min Y ，Tingting F ， [3]Min W ，Min Y ，Tingting F et al.Activating soil nitrification by co-application of peanut straw biochar and organic fertilizer in a rare earth mining soil.[J].The Science of the total environme nt，2023，866161506-161506.

[4]Jianqin W ，Lijie Q ，Jingru C ， et al. Suitable chemical fertilizer reduction mitigates the water footprint of maize production： evidence from Northeast China.[J]. Environmental science and pollution research internation al，2021，29（15）：22589-22601.

[5]Yurong Y ，Zhaoliang L ，Yan Z . Incentives or restrictions： policy choices in farmers’ chemical fertilizer reduction and substitution behaviors[J].International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies，2021，16（2）：351-360.

[6]Xie J ，Wu X ，Tang J ， et al. Chemical fertilizer reduction and soil fertility maintenance in rice-fish coculture system[J].Frontiers of Agriculture in China，2010，4（4）：422-429.

作者简介：

第一作者：潘靖磊（2004 年1 月—），男，汉族，山东临沂市人，青岛农业大学学士研究方向：作物建模、有机肥应用