成都市天府新区初中流动学生与本地学生体质健康现状研究

Abstract： This study vestigates the physical health status migrant junior high s Tianfu New Area， Chengdu， compares it with that local peers. Usg a mixed-methods design， data were collected through stardized physical fitness tests， health surveys， semi-structured terviews. A stratified sample 300 migrant s （Grades 7–9） from five schools was evaluated on body shape （height， weight， BMI）， physical function （lung capacity）， physical fitness （strength， speed， endurance， power） followg Chese national health stards. Questionnaires assessed nutrition， activity， family support， while terviews with 30 physical education teachers provided qualitative context. Results show that migrant s are， on average， shorter lighter than local s have a higher prevalence underweight status （e.g. 25% 7th-grade migrant boys were underweight）. However， migrants exhibit comparable or superior endurance strength （long-distance runs， pullups） than local s. Nutritional lifestyle surveys reveal that a majority migrant s consume sufficient prote engage less physical activity than recommended. Qualitative terviews highlight resource constrats schools low parental volvement （only 29% encourage exercise） as key factors. These fdgs align with prior research showg nutritional deficits variable fitness among migrant youth. To address these disparities， we propose multi-level terventions： enhanced school health programs （regular screengs， tailored PE curricula， after-school sports clubs）， community itiatives （parent nutrition workshops， safe recreation facilities）， policy support （fundg for migrant health programs）. Implementg tegrated health-promotion strategies may improve migrant s’well-beg help close the health gap with local peers.

eywords： Migrant s ；Physical health ；Socioeconomic factors ；School resources ；Health disparities.

Introduction

Cha’s rapid urbanization has led to large-scale ternal migration， creatg a substantial population migrant children urban schools. Often called“floatg children，” these s accompany parents who move from rural to urban regions yet face distct educational health challenges. Despite compulsory education policies ensurg school enrollment for migrant youth， socio-economic disadvantages persist. Migrant s frequently experience unstable housg， lower family comes， limited social support， which can compromise their overall well-beg， cludg physical health. In Chengdu’s Tianfu New Area – a rapidly developg urban district – the flux migrant workers has dramatically creased the number migrant middle school s. For example， 2023 roughly 32.9% 7th graders Chengdu were migrants. While education policies have improved access， there is growg concern that the physical health migrant s may lag behd that local s due to factors like malnutrition， sufficient exercise， psychological stress tied to their unstable circumstances.

Adolescence is a critical period for growth habit formation; poor health these years can hder cognitive performance long-term development. Yet few studies focus specifically on the health migrant s durg middle school， especially new urban districts like Tianfu. Existg research dicates declg fitness nutrition problems among Chese youth general， some studies have found that migrant children ten have lower height weight relative to urban peers. The terplay family socioeconomic status， school resources， community support likely underps these disparities. This study aims to fill a gap by providg a comprehensive assessment migrant s physical health Tianfu New Area， comparg it to local s， identifyg contributg factors.

We address four research questions： （1） What is the current physical health status migrant s Tianfu New Area？ （2） How does it compare to local s？ （3） What family， school， or social factors underlie any observed differences？ （4） What terventions could improve migrant s’ health？ By answerg these， we hope to form educators policymakers about targeted strategies to support migrant children’s health educational outcomes.

Literature Review

Previous research underscores a worryg decle physical health among Chese schoolchildren. National fitness monitorg has documented decreases endurance， strength， flexibility over recent decades. A longitudal survey （1985–2014） found that while average height/weight rose， measures cardiovascular endurance significantly dropped， especially urban areas. Contributg factors clude sedentary lifestyles， creased screen time， academic pressures.

Studies focusg on migrant children reveal persistent health gaps. For stance， Chen et al. （2018） reported that urban migrant s ten suffer malnutrition， limited exercise， lower fitness compared to local peers. Zhang Zhang （2016） noted higher risks obesity anemia among migrants， lked to their socio-economic backgrounds. Similarly， Liu et al. （2020） found that migrant middle-schoolers Shanghai had poorer cardiovascular endurance upper body strength， although they were comparable flexibility speed tests. In Sichuan，

Huang （2017） observed that migrant youth had significantly lower height-for-age weight-for-age scores than urban children， although those the city longer showed gradual improvement. These studies suggest that nutritional deficits irregular school attendance durg early years may stunt growth， while after adaptg to urban life some catch-up can occur.

Community Level

Recreational Access： Encourage NGOs local governments to create safe， supervised， clusive spaces for physical activity migrant-concentrated areas.

Culturally Sensitive s： Design free or low-cost health programs such as nutrition education， cookg classes， youth sports leagues that reflect migrant families’needs preferences.

Network Strengtheng： Foster formal partnerships between schools， community clics， migrant advocacy organizations to build tegrated health support systems. Develop clear， multilgual formation channels for accessg local health social services.

Limitations Future Research

While this study provides valuable sight to migrant health， it has limitations. The sample was confed to five schools with one urban district， potentially limitg generalizability. Self-reportg surveys troduces the possibility bias， especially sensitive areas like diet physical activity. The cross-sectional design also restricts causal terpretation.

Future studies should adopt a longitudal approach， trackg health dicators as migrant s settle to urban environments. More rigorous nutritional assessments， cludg dietary take records biomarker analysis， are needed to validate reported deficiencies. In addition， the relationship between mental well-beg physical health among migrant youth warrants deeper exploration. Intervention-based research—such as evaluatg school-based or community health programs—could form best practices. Fally， comparative studies across multiple cities or provces， along with analysis how duration urban residence or rural orig fluences outcomes， would enhance our understg migrant health disparities Cha’s diverse urban lscape.

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Graduate student of Master of Education Program in Curriculum and Learning Management Suvarnabhumi Institute of Technology